Whether or not to use food grade diatomaceous earth (DE) in one’s flock is a decision each chicken-keeper must make for themselves. As a new chicken-keeper, I read quite a lot about DE before purchasing a ten pound bag, thinking that the claimed benefits sounded tremendous, but I wondered whether it was possible for a product that claimed to fix so many problems in humans and animals could be the real deal. I had also read concerning reports of the carcinogenic effects on humans breathing crystalline DE and the manufacturers’ warnings to wear a respirator when using food grade DE (which is primarily amorphous DE, but also contains the more dangerous, crystalline form).

Chickens maintain their feathers and skin and control parasites by dust bathing, which is no more than a dry dirt bath. Some claim that adding DE to the dust bathing area combats external parasites (mites, lice, fleas) and that adding it to their feed controls internal parasites (worms).Members of my flock, enjoying a nice, communal dust bath

Chickens maintain their feathers and skin and control parasites by dust bathing, which is no more than a dry dirt bath. Some claim that adding DE to the dust bathing area combats external parasites (mites, lice, fleas) and that adding it to their feed controls internal parasites (worms).

As a lawyer, when reading about the benefits of any product, a red flag always goes up in my mind when I read product label claims prefaced by "may, might or could," particularly when written by a company selling the product. For example: "...the addition of (DE) to chicken feed MAY also provide additional benefits including increased body weight, egg production and egg quality as well as decreased internal parasites (in poultry with a lower natural resistance)." Okay, it may. But it may not. Who knows? Not I.

As a lawyer, when reading about the benefits of any product, a red flag always goes up in my mind when I read product label claims prefaced by “may, might or could,”  particularly when written by a company selling the product. For example: “…the addition of (DE) to chicken feed may also provide additional benefits including increased body weight, egg production and egg quality as well as decreased internal parasites (in poultry with a lower natural resistance).” Okay, it may. But it may not. Where’s the scientific proof that it does?

Whenever I have technical or scientific questions, I defer to trained, experienced, respected, experts for guidance.  In deciding whether to use DE in/around/with/on/near my backyard chickens, I looked to several highly respected experts in the poultry world for their opinions about the claimed benefits and any dangers of food grade diatomaceous earth: Gail Damerow and Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, a practicing chicken veterinarian. Please also read about the dangers of DE from an experienced, well-respected herbalist in a separate article on my blog, which can be found HERE.

According to Gail Damerow in The Chicken Encyclopedia, adding diatomaceous earth, wood ashes or lime-and-sulfur garden powder to their dust bath is hazardous to their respiratory health and should be avoided unless they are "seriously infested" with parasites. Even in that case, she writes, "the benefit may outweigh the danger of TEMPORARILY adding such materials." (p. 93 emphasis added)

According to Gail Damerow in The Chicken Encyclopedia, adding diatomaceous earth, wood ashes or lime-and-sulfur garden powder to their dust bath is hazardous to their respiratory health and should be avoided unless they are “seriously infested” with parasites. Even in that case, she writes, “the benefit may outweigh the danger of TEMPORARILY adding such materials.” (p. 93 emphasis added)

Damerow also states: “Diatomaceous earth is also sometimes fed to chickens as a dewormer, which supposedly causes dehydration and death to internal parasites. But when combined with a chicken’s saliva, diatomaceous earth softens and loses its cutting edge. The only way it could dehydrate internal parasites would be if it contained a hydrophilic substance that draws moisture from a parasite’s body, and such a substance would equally affect the chicken’s innards.”

In The Chicken Health Handbook, 2ed, Damerow states, “Some types of respirable dust physically stick to lung tissue…(r)espirable particles of diatomaceous earth is an example of dust that sticks, causing scar tissue to form that impairs respiration.” (pg. 158 emphasis added)

Answers from The Chicken Vet, Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc on food grade diatomaceous earth, DE

I also asked Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, aka: The Chicken Vet, for his thoughts about DE. He is a practicing veterinarian who works with professional farmers and has overseen the care of millions of laying hens in his practice. What follows is his written response.

“The question regarding diatomaceous earth is almost a question of philosophy. Many people are of the mindset that “natural” is better, and that there is an automatic benefit to anything that is found in the dirt, plants or animals around us. I, being trained in a western medical-type program, don’t believe this to be the truth. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a great example of this. DE is fossilized algae. Translated, it is ~90% silica (sand), 2-4% alumina (a component of aluminum), and 0.5-2% iron oxide (rust). I can find the same stuff on the floor of any autobody repair shop as the result of sandblasting old cars.

The theory is that DE is dehydrating because of the sand content, and because the algae are microscopically jagged, they scratch the waxy coating on parasites, allowing them to be killed by dehydrating the worm, tick, cocci or flea. It is touted as a “natural” worming medication and external parasite medication. What you need to realize is that the gut is full of water (making it very hard to dehydrate anything), and that it takes a long exposure time to kill multicellular parasites (ie ticks and mites).

I’m also a little leery of any product that claims to do everything…. diatomaceous earth claims to be useful in animals, on animals, in the walls of barns, coops and houses, as a pasture treatment, in the yard and garden, and as a treatment for granaries, kills bacteria, viruses, absorbs and neutralizes mercury, eliminates drug residues, absorbs organophosphate pesticides, etc, etc. Really? To be honest, all the scientific literature is very equivocal on the usefulness. Some studies find “trends”, but very little statistical significance, some studies say that DE is poorly effective at a relative humidity above 85%. One study showed more parasites in one breed of hen fed DE and less parasites in another breed of hen fed DE.

At the end of the day, my feeling is that if you want to treat the parasites in your flock, use a treatment that works….has been designed to work and has been proven to work. A well-conceived parasite program that uses different classes of drugs, observes withdrawal times and will effectively control parasites as well as resistance.

I apologize to any “anti-drug” advocates that may be offended by my stance in this regard, but I have seen too many instances of treatments that served only to allow animals to suffer infections until regular treatments are finally commenced.”

Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc,
The Chicken Vet

Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, The Chicken Vet

Sources and further reading:

Raising Chickens Naturally: Diatomaceous Earth is No Friend of Nature, by herbalist Susan Burek
The Dirt on Diatomaceous EarthOSHA Guidelines Amorphous Silica
http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9709103
Diatomite Mining and Processing

Kathy Shea Mormino, The Chicken Chick®

Kathy Shea Mormino

Affectionately known internationally as The Chicken Chick®, Kathy Shea Mormino shares a fun-loving, informative style to raising backyard chickens. …Read on

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Whether or not to use food grade diatomaceous earth (DE) in one’s flock is a decision each chicken-keeper must make for themselves. As a new chicken-keeper, I read quite a lot about DE before purchasing a ten pound bag, thinking that the claimed benefits sounded tremendous, but I wondered whether it was possible for a product that claimed to fix so many problems in humans and animals could be the real deal. I had also read concerning reports of the carcinogenic effects on humans breathing crystalline DE and the manufacturers’ warnings to wear a respirator when using food grade DE (which is primarily amorphous DE, but also contains the more dangerous, crystalline form).

Chickens maintain their feathers and skin and control parasites by dust bathing, which is no more than a dry dirt bath. Some claim that adding DE to the dust bathing area combats external parasites (mites, lice, fleas) and that adding it to their feed controls internal parasites (worms).Members of my flock, enjoying a nice, communal dust bath

Chickens maintain their feathers and skin and control parasites by dust bathing, which is no more than a dry dirt bath. Some claim that adding DE to the dust bathing area combats external parasites (mites, lice, fleas) and that adding it to their feed controls internal parasites (worms).

As a lawyer, when reading about the benefits of any product, a red flag always goes up in my mind when I read product label claims prefaced by "may, might or could," particularly when written by a company selling the product. For example: "...the addition of (DE) to chicken feed MAY also provide additional benefits including increased body weight, egg production and egg quality as well as decreased internal parasites (in poultry with a lower natural resistance)." Okay, it may. But it may not. Who knows? Not I.

As a lawyer, when reading about the benefits of any product, a red flag always goes up in my mind when I read product label claims prefaced by “may, might or could,”  particularly when written by a company selling the product. For example: “…the addition of (DE) to chicken feed may also provide additional benefits including increased body weight, egg production and egg quality as well as decreased internal parasites (in poultry with a lower natural resistance).” Okay, it may. But it may not. Where’s the scientific proof that it does?

Whenever I have technical or scientific questions, I defer to trained, experienced, respected, experts for guidance.  In deciding whether to use DE in/around/with/on/near my backyard chickens, I looked to several highly respected experts in the poultry world for their opinions about the claimed benefits and any dangers of food grade diatomaceous earth: Gail Damerow and Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, a practicing chicken veterinarian. Please also read about the dangers of DE from an experienced, well-respected herbalist in a separate article on my blog, which can be found HERE.

According to Gail Damerow in The Chicken Encyclopedia, adding diatomaceous earth, wood ashes or lime-and-sulfur garden powder to their dust bath is hazardous to their respiratory health and should be avoided unless they are "seriously infested" with parasites. Even in that case, she writes, "the benefit may outweigh the danger of TEMPORARILY adding such materials." (p. 93 emphasis added)

According to Gail Damerow in The Chicken Encyclopedia, adding diatomaceous earth, wood ashes or lime-and-sulfur garden powder to their dust bath is hazardous to their respiratory health and should be avoided unless they are “seriously infested” with parasites. Even in that case, she writes, “the benefit may outweigh the danger of TEMPORARILY adding such materials.” (p. 93 emphasis added)

Damerow also states: “Diatomaceous earth is also sometimes fed to chickens as a dewormer, which supposedly causes dehydration and death to internal parasites. But when combined with a chicken’s saliva, diatomaceous earth softens and loses its cutting edge. The only way it could dehydrate internal parasites would be if it contained a hydrophilic substance that draws moisture from a parasite’s body, and such a substance would equally affect the chicken’s innards.”

In The Chicken Health Handbook, 2ed, Damerow states, “Some types of respirable dust physically stick to lung tissue…(r)espirable particles of diatomaceous earth is an example of dust that sticks, causing scar tissue to form that impairs respiration.” (pg. 158 emphasis added)

Answers from The Chicken Vet, Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc on food grade diatomaceous earth, DE

I also asked Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, aka: The Chicken Vet, for his thoughts about DE. He is a practicing veterinarian who works with professional farmers and has overseen the care of millions of laying hens in his practice. What follows is his written response.

“The question regarding diatomaceous earth is almost a question of philosophy. Many people are of the mindset that “natural” is better, and that there is an automatic benefit to anything that is found in the dirt, plants or animals around us. I, being trained in a western medical-type program, don’t believe this to be the truth. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a great example of this. DE is fossilized algae. Translated, it is ~90% silica (sand), 2-4% alumina (a component of aluminum), and 0.5-2% iron oxide (rust). I can find the same stuff on the floor of any autobody repair shop as the result of sandblasting old cars.

The theory is that DE is dehydrating because of the sand content, and because the algae are microscopically jagged, they scratch the waxy coating on parasites, allowing them to be killed by dehydrating the worm, tick, cocci or flea. It is touted as a “natural” worming medication and external parasite medication. What you need to realize is that the gut is full of water (making it very hard to dehydrate anything), and that it takes a long exposure time to kill multicellular parasites (ie ticks and mites).

I’m also a little leery of any product that claims to do everything…. diatomaceous earth claims to be useful in animals, on animals, in the walls of barns, coops and houses, as a pasture treatment, in the yard and garden, and as a treatment for granaries, kills bacteria, viruses, absorbs and neutralizes mercury, eliminates drug residues, absorbs organophosphate pesticides, etc, etc. Really? To be honest, all the scientific literature is very equivocal on the usefulness. Some studies find “trends”, but very little statistical significance, some studies say that DE is poorly effective at a relative humidity above 85%. One study showed more parasites in one breed of hen fed DE and less parasites in another breed of hen fed DE.

At the end of the day, my feeling is that if you want to treat the parasites in your flock, use a treatment that works….has been designed to work and has been proven to work. A well-conceived parasite program that uses different classes of drugs, observes withdrawal times and will effectively control parasites as well as resistance.

I apologize to any “anti-drug” advocates that may be offended by my stance in this regard, but I have seen too many instances of treatments that served only to allow animals to suffer infections until regular treatments are finally commenced.”

Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc,
The Chicken Vet

Dr. Mike Petrik, DVM, MSc, The Chicken Vet

Sources and further reading:

Raising Chickens Naturally: Diatomaceous Earth is No Friend of Nature, by herbalist Susan Burek
The Dirt on Diatomaceous EarthOSHA Guidelines Amorphous Silica
http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9709103
Diatomite Mining and Processing

Kathy Shea Mormino, The Chicken Chick®
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Shelly
12 years ago

I have read a lot of things about DE but nothing that was a FACT. It was written with alot of “may”s & “might”s. Externally I could maybe believe it might do SOMETHING in a dust bath. I was a little more skeptical abt. the internal part. Common sense made me doubt any claims of it’s effects because once eaten by a chicken it would become wet. Thanks for giving us the facts & not a bunch of mights. I don’t need to add DE to my shopping list.

Kathy Mormino, the Chicken Chick™
Reply to  Shelly
12 years ago

Thanks for your comment, Shelly.

Charlotte
12 years ago

Thanks for the information.

Kathy Mormino, the Chicken Chick™
Reply to  Charlotte
12 years ago

Thank you for stopping in and for your thoughts, Charlotte!

Anonymous
Anonymous
12 years ago

I AM KINDA NEW TO CHICKEN RAISING..I HAVE FOUR GROWN HENS, THEY ARE ONE YEAR OLD…I JUST BOUGHT 13 MORE,,,WANTED MORE EGGS FOR FAMILY AND FRIENDS…I FEED THEM , OLDER ONES, ONLY ORGANIC EVERYTHING..I HAVE NOT TREATED THEM WITH ANYTHING FOR ANYTHING…I DONT THINK THEY HAVE WORMS, OR PARASITES, BUT HOW DO I TELL?? NOW I HAVE 13 BABIES, THEY ARE ALMOST 2 MONTHS OLD NOW..SIGH….BOUGHT THESE FOR MY GRANDDAUGHER….SHE IS 6 NOW…DONT WANT HER AROUND THEM IF ANYTHING THEY HAVE COULD BE CONTAGIOUS EITHER..PLEASE HELP???

Kathy Mormino, the Chicken Chick™
Reply to  Anonymous
12 years ago

You will be able to tell if somthing is wrong with them by their behavior and appearance. Watch for changes in appetite, droopiness, feather damage, a drop in egg production, etc. It's best to check the base of their feathers regularly, particularly their vent and tail feathers, for mites, lice and signs of them like reddened, scaly skin and eggs. The internal parasites (worms, in particular) are sometimes visible in the droppings when the infestation is really bad. Chickens can handle a certain amount of worms but it can get out of control and then there are health consequences. That… Read more »

Country Creations of the Fingerlakes
12 years ago

Great info! I was wondering about DE for my chickens, but hadn't moved ahead with it. I think my girls will be fine without it!

Kathy Mormino, the Chicken Chick™

Thanks for your comment.

J.Brown
12 years ago

Thanks for the info. I was leery about buying some, but it claimed to help so many things that I was almost convinced. I'm glad you found some experts to weigh in on the subject. I will be saving my money for chicken treats instead!

Kathy Mormino, the Chicken Chick™
Reply to  J.Brown
12 years ago

J Brown, I'm sure your hens will enjoy your spending preference. :)